Cholera Toxin

OMG!!!! Did you know bacteria builds up toxins so strong that a single molecule can kill an entire cell.Chemical posions like cyanide or arsenic cant even compare to bacterial toxins.They use two strategies to successed in killing the cell.One way is to use a targeting mechanism to send the toxins directly to the cell.Cholera toxin has a ring of five identical protein chains which binds to carbohydrates on the surface of the cell.This sends the toxic parts of the molecule to the cell where it can destory it.The second strategy is to use toxic enzymes instead of a chemical poison.The enzyme goes from cell to cell making chemical changes performing their reactions over and over again.So all the Cholera uses the enzyme, its like a free ride so it can go around to alot of cells spreading its toxins and killing the cells quickly.The catalytic portion of cholera toxins perform a single function: it seeks out a protein called G protein. G protein is used for cellular signaling so the catalytuc portion attaches an ADP molecule to them.Which confuses the cell, the cell becomes dehydrated to the point of death because the cell transports lots of water and sodium outward, and floods the intestine.

Science Class Dream

         I love Mrs.Mahoney's class, the labs, the learning, but my dream class would be alil different.We would do a lab almost every day near the end of class, we would still have class notes that the teacher gives but we would not have reading notes (I really dont like them).On half days we would watch a movie like "How to Train Your Dragon", you know something funny it can have a life lesson or something in it, but those kinda movie get annoying sometimes when they sit their and drill this thought in your head over and over again.On Mondays, we get alil breaks first thing in the mornings where we just play a game that haves something to do with what we are learning or past things to see if we still remember them to get are brains going.On Fridays, we take short little team quizes to see if we got anything from what we been going over all week.After the quiz we'd do a lab, then when we are done with that it should be close to the end of class so we could just sit and talk.But Tuesday threw Thursday, we first do a bellringer, then we would start the lesson by the teacher explaining things to us about are lesson then giving us notes to copy.If we get done with notes with at least 30minutes left in class we would neither play a game or do a lab on what we are learning about.Thats my dream science class!!!!! :)